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The first steps of diplomacy: The correspondence between Timur and Charles VI

09.10.2025   32409   3 min.
The first steps of diplomacy: The correspondence between Timur and Charles VI

At the end of the 14th century, the correspondence between the great commander Amir Timur and King Charles VI of France, along with the memoirs of the Vatican envoy Ivan Grinlon about Timur’s court, are presented at the Center for Islamic Civilization in Uzbekistan. These documents represent not only a unique chapter in the history of diplomacy but also invaluable sources that introduce our nation’s scientific and cultural heritage to the world.

In the “Second Renaissance” section of the Center’s museum, early Islamic sources, medieval scholars’ manuscripts, and rare documents from the Timurid era are brought together in one space.

In the exhibition dedicated to the era of Amir Timur, every aspect of the sovereign’s activity state administration, domestic policy, and international relations is presented on a scholarly basis. Among the displayed materials are decrees, letters, and royal correspondences written in the Arabic script. One of them is a decree granted by Amir Timur to the descendants of the sayyids of Khwarazm, reflecting the great ruler’s profound respect for scholars.

“Each era has its own laws: over time, the number of artifacts decreases. Yet the survival of original sources from the period of Amir Timur is a great fortune for history”, says Sanjar G‘ulomov, Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan.

The most captivating part of the exhibition features the correspondence between Amir Timur, King Charles VI of France, and the Vatican. Written in 1402, these letters are among the earliest examples in the history of world diplomacy. Accompanying them is the Vatican envoy Ivan Grinlon’s work “Memoirs on the Court of Amir Timur”, which provides detailed information about court life, state governance, and international relations.

These documents show that Amir Timur was not only a great military leader but also a statesman with exceptional diplomatic skill. He established active political relations with France, the Vatican, China, India, and several other nations.

It should be noted that many of the exhibits displayed in the museum are original, centuries-old artifacts that have been carefully preserved. As previously reported, the correspondence between Amir Timur and King Charles VI of France was expected to arrive in Uzbekistan, and now these historic documents have rightfully taken their place in the museum’s collection. Moreover, with the help of modern technology, visitors can view the manuscripts digitally or explore them interactively.

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Erhan Afyoncu: Uzbekistan is the land of the most magnificent cities of the Turkic civilization

18.08.2026   6140   2 min.
Erhan Afyoncu: Uzbekistan is the land of the most magnificent cities of the Turkic civilization

Prominent Turkish historian, Rector of the National Defense University, Professor Erhan Afyoncu, speaking on the analytical program “Circle of Thought” (Akıl Çemberi) on the leading Turkish television channel “CNN-Türk”, shared his assessments regarding the rich historical heritage and tourism potential of Uzbekistan, reports Dunyo IA.

In his speech, Professor Afyoncu characterized Uzbekistan as a unique geography home to the most magnificent cities of the Turkic civilization. “Uzbekistan represents a distinct geography. It is the land where the most beautiful cities of our civilization are located. Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva and Tashkent are situated precisely on this soil”, he noted.

Addressing the youth, the Turkish historian emphasized that in an era characterized by vast opportunities for international travel, it is vital to first discover the countries of the Turkic world and connect with the land of their ancestors. “My advice to the youth: since convenient opportunities for traveling abroad exist today, begin by traveling across the Turkic world. Go, see and connect with the ancestral soil. Only then should you visit the lands where the Seljuk state was established, the professor said, adding that such journeys are deeply beneficial for young people, enriching their historical memory and worldview. The level of beauty found in Samarkand cannot be encountered in many places around the world. It is exceptionally important for Turkish youth to see their own geography and their historical cities”, Erhan Afyoncu noted.

Professor also specifically highlighted Uzbekistan as one of the primary cradles of the Turkic civilization and a center of science, emphasizing that the country is highly attractive not only from historical and cultural perspectives but also from a geographical standpoint. Answering the question of the program host, Fulya Ozturk: “So for you, among the countries of the Turkic world, Uzbekistan comes first, correct?”, Professor Erhan Afyoncu stressed: “Naturally, Uzbekistan holds a special place...”.

This presentation by the professor will further contribute to the growing interest of the Turkish public in the historical cities, rich cultural heritage and tourism potential of Uzbekistan.