When millions of Muslims turn toward the Kaaba in Mecca for prayer, few may realize that the sweeping gold calligraphy on its iconic black cloth, the Kiswa, bears the legacy of a single artist — Abdul Rahim Amin Bukhari.
A master calligrapher from Mecca, Abdul Rahim Amin Bukhari dedicated his life to adorning Islam’s holiest site with words of divine beauty. His name, though not widely known outside Saudi Arabia, lives on in gold thread, etched into the sacred fabric that veils the Kaaba.
Abdul Rahim Amin Bukhari was born in 1917 in Mecca — a city pulsing with spiritual rhythm and Islamic tradition. As a boy surrounded by centuries-old mosques and devotional art, Bukhari was drawn to Arabic calligraphy early in life. What began as a childhood passion grew into a lifelong vocation.
At just 15, he joined the Kiswah Factory, newly established in 1927 by King Abdulaziz. This factory, devoted to producing the Kaaba’s annual covering, became the cradle of his artistic journey. Bukhari trained under the best, learning the subtle curves and disciplined elegance of classical scripts.
By the 1930s, he had risen to become chief technician, and eventually deputy director by the 1960s. His path was defined not only by artistic talent, but by humility and devotion.
Every year, the Kiswa is renewed — a majestic cloth of black silk, embroidered with Qur’anic verses in gold and silver thread. Its creation is a sacred task, and for decades, Bukhari was the pen behind its powerful script.
Specializing in the Thuluth script — a flowing, monumental style favored for religious inscriptions — Bukhari laid out every curve and flourish of the divine text. His designs set the standard, and to this day, artisans use his original layouts when crafting the Kiswa’s golden band (known as the hizam). His was not merely a job; it was an offering.
More than a technician, he was the soul of the Kiswa’s design. The gold lettering that millions of pilgrims see and touch was once inked by his hand on tracing paper, then embroidered stitch by stitch by a team he led and trained.
A Historic Commission: The Kaaba Door of 1944
One of the defining moments in Bukhari’s career came in 1944, when King Abdulaziz ordered the creation of a new door for the Kaaba. The old door, weathered by time, was to be replaced with a gilded masterpiece — and it was Bukhari who was asked to inscribe it with sacred text.
His calligraphy, rendered in bold Thuluth script, graced the new door’s copper and silver panels. The shahada (Islamic testimony of faith), the names of God, and select Qur’anic verses adorned its surface. These inscriptions were engraved into the metal by artisans, preserving Bukhari’s artistry in gleaming permanence.
This door, installed in 1947, became a symbol not just of royal generosity, but of spiritual craftsmanship. It was the first of two Kaaba doors Bukhari worked on — the second being the current door installed in 1979, which also features his calligraphy.
The Man Behind the Script
Though quiet and devoted, Bukhari’s work earned him respect at the highest levels. He wrote verses for early Saudi flags in the 1930s, crafted inscriptions for ceremonial mosque curtains, and even lettered the Rawdah curtain in Medina. King Faisal recognized his service by having Bukhari’s name woven into the Kiswa itself — a singular honor that continues to this day.
Visitors to Mecca who gaze upon the Kaaba’s belt will find his name hidden in gold — Abdul Rahim Amin. It is a subtle yet profound tribute to the man who helped shape the visual identity of Islam’s holiest structure.
A Living Legacy in Silk and Gold
Even after his passing in the late 1990s, Abdul Rahim Amin Bukhari’s calligraphy remains alive, literally sewn into the Kaaba each year. His templates are still used for the Kiswa’s verses, his scripts guide modern artisans, and his legacy continues to bridge art and worship in the most sacred way imaginable.
In the world of Islamic calligraphy, Bukhari stands as a pillar — not only for his mastery of pen and ink, but for how his work sanctified space. Every Muslim who looks at the Kaaba is unknowingly reading the words he shaped. Every stitch of gold thread reflects his lifelong devotion to making divine words beautiful.
Starting October 26th, “Uzbekistan Airways” will adjust its flight schedule between Tashkent and Islamabad, increasing the frequency of flights and expanding travel opportunities between Uzbekistan and Pakistan, reports Dunyo IA.
Currently, flights on the Tashkent–Islamabad–Tashkent route are operated twice a week, on Tuesdays and Saturdays. Beginning October 26th, flights will be operated on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
Schedule adjustment aims to expand passenger connectivity between the two nations and create more convenient conditions for tourists, business representatives, and transit passengers. The additional flights are also designed to foster the development of business, tourism and cultural ties.
It is expected that the increased frequency of flights will contribute to the growth of tourist flows from Pakistan to Uzbekistan, including the development of pilgrimage tourism. The additional transport capacity will facilitate travel to Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva – the historic centers of the Great Silk Road.
Expansion of air connectivity will also reinforce Tashkent’s role as a regional transit hub and create further opportunities for organizing tourist travel to other countries in Central Asia.
In 2025, Uzbekistan welcomed more than 20,000 tourists from Pakistan. During the first nine months of the current year, the number of visitors reached approximately 20,000, demonstrating a significant potential for the further development of tourism ties between the two countries.
Currently, eight regular flights per week are operated between Uzbekistan and Pakistan. Among these, four flights are operated on the Tashkent–Lahore route, two on the Tashkent–Islamabad route and regular services are also maintained between Tashkent and Karachi.
Following the introduction of the additional flight, the total number of regular flights between the two nations will reach nine per week.